Why Free Speech Is An Important Freedom

An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp

An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp Managing business in the international business environment is quite daunting. The explanation for this observation is that there is a variation in factors of management in diverse business environments.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different business environments have diverse business cultures that must be mastered and adhered to by any manager who wants to manage a business successfully in the environment (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). Several points can be attributed to the failure of Justin to sustain the performance of the company in the Asian Pacific region, in spite of having successfully steered the performance of the company in the United States. One thing that comes out is that Justin has worked in the United States in his entire carrier and his appointment as the vice presiden t of one of the divisions of the company in the Asian Pacific region was one of his international tasks in business management. This task involved managing in a different business culture from the business culture that he was used to. It should be noted that the United States business culture in which Justin came from is quite different from the business culture in the Asia Pacific region where Justin was posted. Heading a new business venture in a new business environment is a comprehensive task. It entails the study and understanding of the models and attributes of management that are embraced in the new environment (Steers, SaÃŒ nchez-Runde Nardon, 2010). As soon as he entered the region, Justin implemented radical measures to turn around the performance of the company’s division in the region, just as he had done with the company’s division in the United States. This was a radical action that only paid off in the short run as the company recorded an improvement i n its performance in the first and second quarters under his tenure. The radical changes that were implemented by Justin did not match with the culture of management in the Asian Pacific region as it is later manifested in the dissatisfaction and demotivation of the employees of the company, resulting in an increased rate of employee turnover in the company. The changes, which imply new strategies of management, can be termed as unsustainable due to their incompatibility with the managerial culture of the Asian Pacific region. Justin did not take time to learn and adjust to the new culture of management after he was appointed as the new vice president in charge of Compcorp’s division in the Asian Pacific region (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). The changes in the management strategy, which implied the change in the culture and attributes of management in the new environment, could only work for a limited period of time. However, the employees later fell out with the strategy of management later after learning the difference in the style of leadership that was introduced by Justin and what they were used to.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This explains why the top managers in the organization’s division in the Asian Pacific region left, thereby creating a managerial vacuum in the company. The performance of the company could not be sustained. What Compcorp ought to have done to enhance prospects for Justin’s successful performance The failure of Justin in managing the company’s division can be partly blamed on the management of the mother company in the United States. The realization of the fact that managing in the international environment is complex warrants the attention of executives who seek to use expatriates in managing business. Companies are, thus, required to establish and enhance training programs on international management prior to the discharge of expatriates for foreign assignments (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). The case of Justin and his appointment to head the company’s division in the Asian Pacific region is an example of the mistakes that are done by executives, which make it quite daunting for companies to thrive in foreign business environments. The management of the company was well aware that Justin had no experience of managing in a foreign business culture, despite having excelled in managing one of the company’s divisions in the United States. Marx (2001) observed that most companies launch expatriate programs as part of the initiatives of dealing with the problem of cross-cultural management. Cross-cultural programs entail offering training and guiding employees or expatriates on how to approach and deal with the variations in the attributes of management in a foreign business culture. Multi-cultural programs have become a common feature of manage ment in multinational companies, most of which choose the hybrid system of management, just as was with Compcorp. Therefore, training was a critical element that could have been embraced by the management of Compcorp as part of embracing Justin’s knowledge on managing in the foreign business environment. The other strategy that could have been used by the company is the embrace of indirect learning and adaptability by letting Justin to enter the Asian Pacific region on a lower rank so that he could learn the culture of management in the region before being promoted to the position of the vice president (Menipaz Menipaz, 2011). Managerial initiatives in international management Prospects of management in a foreign business culture have to be captured by any person who wants to succeed in enhancing the performance of a company in a foreign business environment. The foreign business can present challenges, as well opportunities on which the management can rely on in enhancing t he performance of a subsidiary firm in such an environment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, detecting and understanding the nature of challenges, as well as the opportunities that prevail in the foreign business environment requires deeper insight into the given business environment. Learning the trends of management and the culture that is embraced in the foreign business environment ought to be the first thing that should be given priority by an expatriate manager. Expatriate managers have to establish workable relationships with the local staffs, who act as key resource persons in helping them learn about the desirable attributes of management in the foreign business environment (Marx, 2001). As it comes out in the case, Justin also stands to be blamed for his failure to succeed in managing the Compcorp division in the Asian Pacific region. According to Menipaz and Menipaz (2011), expatriate managers under the hybrid strategy of managing in a foreign environment must learn from both the superior employees, as well as employees in the lower rank. What is depicted in the case is that the employees of the company become dissatisfied with the style of management that was used by Justin. If Justin had taken time to consult from the managers on how to go about the managerial practices in the company, then he could not probably have faced the kind of problem that was witnessed in the organization. References Luthans, F., Doh, J. P., Hodgetts, R. M. (2012). International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Marx, E. (2001). Breaking through culture shock: What you need to succeed in international business. London: Nicholas Brealey. Menipaz, E., Menipaz, A. (2011). International business: Theory and Practice. London: SAGE.Advert ising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steers, R. M., SaÃŒ nchez-Runde, C., Nardon, L. (2010). Management across cultures: Challenges and strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises Dissertation - 1

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises business modes and social enterprises' ability to attr - Dissertation Example As far as financing of social enterprises are concerned, they are two sources of finances- grants and non-grants. It is, however, interesting to note that majority of social enterprises do finance their social activities through grants provided by various government or non-government institutions. The share of the grants provided by public agencies is much higher. In other words, social enterprises do mainly resort to government grants funding for fulfilling their social objectivities. (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Guclu, Dees, and Anderson, 2002; Social enterprises have to depend on external sources of finance for fulfilling their social objectives as most of the time they are incapable of generating enough revenues from their business activities to finance their social activities (Dees, 1994). The more interesting thing to note that is they do not rely much on non-grants finance as an external source of their finance. Grant-dependency among social enterprises is quite prevalen t even if grants impose certain kind of restriction on their activities (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Alter, 2006). ... (Dees, 1994; Blau, 2005). Problem statement Of course, popularity of non-grant finances like debt finance, equity finance etc have increased over time among social enterprises. Many experienced social enterprises are now using mixed approach of financing whether their combining grant and non-grant finances to finance their social activities. However, on average, non-grant finances are still less popular in comparison with grant finances and hence, the problems that social enterprise face while using grants still persists and work as obstacles in the path of realization of their goals. (Wei-Skillern, Leonard, and Stevenson, 2007; Dees, 1994) There are certain reasons behind less-dependency on non-grant finance, particularly lending which is considered to be one of the most common sources of finance for any business enterprise. The managers and founders of social enterprises generally claim that traditional lender like banks do not aware of their special needs and have a negative attit ude relating to the issue of extending loans to them. This claim is partially true. From the viewpoint of a lender, particularly of a banker, the flow of revenue and the capacity of paying all the debts with interest are the key factors and criteria for assessing the loan application of any organization. However, repaying loan with interests is certainly a challenge for the managers of those enterprises that operate in order to meet some social objectives. (Dees, Emerson, and Economy, 2001; Blau, 2005) Since social enterprises’ operational objectives are distinct from those of conventional business enterprises, the criteria for assessing applications for loans should not be same as

Mattel Confronts Its Marketing Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mattel Confronts Its Marketing Challenges - Essay Example This research will try to explain how Mattel confronts its marketing challenges. In the adverts, the company should ensure that it clearly explains the company profile to the clients as well as the functionality of the new product. Furthermore, effective marketing will need the company to have a clearly defined market or consumers of that particular product. For instance, Mattel to producing company will be introducing a new toy on the market shortly. Among the products to be introduced in the market, include the board games toys and WWE toys. However, for this product to sell to its expectation, the company management has to ensure that it correctly markets the products to its esteemed clients across the world. However, for the new product to be active in the market, it will have to be sold at most affordable prices. Moreover, the products should be able to meet customer expectations in terms of quality and durability. The assumptions that can be expected with the introduction of the new product in the market are the constant demand of the product. The management of the company needs not to assume the annual demand and supply of board games toys as well as the WWE toys. It is because an increase in market boundary will mean that supply will need to be an increase. On the other hand, the manufacturing of the product should also be able to meet the demands of the customer at any particular time. In addition, the company should also not assume the availability of tough completion in the market from the companies producing the same products.

Improving Student Learning Through Technology Essay Example for Free

Improving Student Learning Through Technology Essay Abstract In this day and age of all sorts of technological advancements, the wonders and possibilities for convenience and assistance could be met almost instantaneously. From arms’ reach to finger tip accessibility of knowledge and information, these advancements only pose greater advantages for more and more people, especially for the school and university sector. The dawn of the valuable personal computer, the mighty internet, and more soon to follow show only promise of development, improving further the chances of success for students is bettered. It would only be of true benefit because as these students step and extend into the real world, they shall be technically and technologically well-equipped to face anything and everything. Improving Student Learning Through Technology The essential purpose of education is one which opts to offer every student the chance to be able to succeed in life, amidst any challenge, circumstance, and failure. This goal could be better realized if and when all efforts, tools, and processes for education are used and optimized to it full potential. With numerous advances among the lines of technology, almost all issues of social, political, economic, and also academic importance could be facilitated with much ease and efficiency. With the use these various tools made easily available, students’ overall learning processes could be improved which would greatly benefit them. With subjects such as Algebra, Physics, and Chemistry, it must be considered that students are very much accustomed the more traditional methods of teaching, learning, and everything else that comes with it. Through the use of new technologies, a fresh, innovative approach is taken, which would stimulate and keep the students interested. Hence, scholarly institutions must recognize the habits of their students and capitalize on such opportunities. They must learn how to adapt with the changing times and incorporate use of technology in their programs. Take for instance gaming programs on the surface and as presented, such tools are used more for leisure than learning. However, the Queensland Government (2008) emphasizes that this must be implemented with function: â€Å"purposefully selected games blended with carefully constructed learning experiences can be used to improve student learning outcomes† (n.p.). Such options are often overlooked, for they are believed to only serve as distractions. However, as argued, the games must of course integrate needed scholarly requirements to help the students learn with passion and sustainable interest. Academic bodies and organization may take this in serious account, for it could truly bring a new sense of learning element that the more traditional methods of education may be lacking. References Queensland Government (2008). Games in learning. Queensland Government: Department of Education, Training and the Arts. Retrieved November 6, 2008, from http://education.qld.gov.au/smartclassrooms/strategy/dp/games.html.

Why Is English Considered a Global Language?

Why Is English Considered a Global Language? Abstract This project aims to show us why the English known as a global language and why other languages do not have this ability. Also introduce some other languages such as Chinese that can be replaced with English and their capability of being a global one. Key words: english , global , language , capability. Introduction We all are able to communicate freely with one language to people all around the world. A single language would help to reduce misunderstanding and miscommunication. People will need to learn this one world language, whichever that may be, but we will also never forget older languages completely. It means that we can use both of them at same time for the several reasons. We use our mother tongue in our country (home town) and use second language (global language) for communicate with people that don’t know anything about our mother tongue or for some other reason like job, travel, migration and †¦. . Global language A language is called a â€Å"global language† when it achieves the official position and education preference in every nation, that language will finally come to be used by more people than any other language. The essential reason to make a language global or international is the power of its people. The power includes the power of military, politic and economic. Military power, political power and economic power are the three essential factors to make a language global and to keep its status (Culpepper, 1997). What does the global language do? When a new language is introduced to new communities, and a new better life is achieved by the new language, it makes people prefer to use the language than their own language. In turn, the low frequency of using particular language may cause the language to disappear. This was true when English was introduced to academic life (Kaplan, 2000). If the language is no longer the key in communication, it will not live anymore. People will forget it. Many factors cause to the death of the languages that cannot known as global language like War, revolution, economic development or urbanization (Kaplan, 2000). But the development of some areas, like aviation, tourism and banking can be help to be as a global. English English is universal language. It is the worlds second native language, the formal language in 70 countries, and English-speaking countries are accountable for about 40% of worlds total GNP. English can be used everywhere with educated people around the world. It can be used in media, cinema, pop music, TV and †¦for anyone who knows English (Bond, Michael, 1751). From Old and Middle English, English was spoken early in the last one thousand years. Examples of language written at that time, such as the works of Chaucer (mid to late 1300s) are useful in supervising linguistic evolution over the last thousand years. In these works, often spellings will be indistinguishable, but once pronounced phonetically, are understandable to modern English speakers (Sapir, Edward, 1871). Why English is the Most Widely Used Language in the World? 1-Some people may disagree that â€Å"English is the world’s most important language.† It is definitely the world’s most widely used language. It is spoken by a number of people 800,000,000 by a conservative appraise 1,500,000,000 by a liberal appraise. It has official status in over 60 countries. 150 million people use English fluently as a foreign language. English is also the language of international air traffic control, and the principal language of world publishing, science and technology (Crystal 2001). 2- In the postcolonial world, English is often used outside the domestic area, discussions of the links between English and Anglo culture may even seem repulsive. Speakers of English—in Britain, the United States, and elsewhere—discussions of possible links between English and Anglo culture may also seem to be best avoided (Quirk et al. 1985). 3- English is also important in business. 84% of companies want English as a foreign language; only 32% require French (Felberbauer 1996). In the Austrian job market, English is pay heed to as a basic qualification; therefore not knowing English may be a conclusive deficit. In Austrian businesses which operate internationally the internal use of English is not so much a feature as it is in Scandinavia (Dension 1981). According to research conducted by Stockinger, secretaries, for instance, are expected to be able to hold telephone conversations in English while technicians have to be able to read technical literature in English (Stockinger 1995). The Significance of Learning English: English may not be spoken language in the worlds, but it is an official language in a large number of countries. It also very important for whom works in global workforce because English is the language of business in world, so it had become necessary for people to speak English. Another reason for learning English is that many of the worlds top films, music and books are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English, you will be able to have a great understanding. And also most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So knowing English will allow you access amount of information which may not be otherwise available. Chinese The Chinese language is the oldest language in the world with six thousand years of history. Chinese character inscribing has been found in turtle shells dating back to the Shang dynasty(Reid, Thomas, 1890). Chinese phonetics is very complex, making the learning of the language a far more difficult role than learning English (Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie, 1937). The written language is a common form of communication. Even though people are not able to orally communicate in different district, they are able to understand each other in writing (Saltman, Michael, 1903). Chinese is already the most widely spoken language in the world, but that is because of the large population of China (Aleksandr, 2001). Chinese is not suspended to pass English as a global language. The Chinese economy is strong enough to raise the cause and popularity of its language, just like the English did. But, it is possible that China economy is a result of its ability to conform to others’ languages and way of work rather than the task of the Chinese language on other countries (Spevack, Marvin 1985). In business, Chinese is the most useful language like English. Transacting business matters using a common language is essential for camaraderie building but also for the speed and effectiveness of your negotiations (Thompson, 1998). France French represents different cultures around the world. It is used on five continents, in more than fifty countries. French is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and the official language of the Olympic Games (Vera. 2004). It provides the base for more than 50% of the modern English vocabulary, which improves presentation on standardized tests. French is supported by over 35 years of research and has been proven to be successful with students of all races, economic status and levels of English expertise (Quinn, Naomi. 2002). The importance of French has economic importance for major economies in the world, For example, French is the official global language of Canada, which performs major trade deals with the US. The knowledge of French for traders to such countries becomes all the more important (Jeremy. 1999). Being the second most taught language after English and having a readership and with the number of its students, French is absolutely the language to know these days. With English, French is the only other international language; being spoken in 5 continents (Steven. 2002).France has not lost its level of development in language. France is still a highly respected country, and still one of the top romantic languages in western civilization. The United Nations communicates have only two languages: French, and English. There are parts of Africa where French is still the native language, along with several islands. Test: I did a test on two groups. Group 1, who decided to learn English as second language Group 2, who decided to learn French as second language. I asked same question from two groups. Here are the questions and answers: Question 1: why are you choosing this language to learn? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ we choose this language because it is an international language and is more important than other language to learn. Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ because nowadays some other language such as French comes to high level in international position and it may know as global language instead of English. So we try to learn it to be modern and update with worlds language changing. Question 2: How much do you want learn this language? Do you want to learn just for being good at conversation or more than it? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ No, not just for conversation. We try to use it in our daily life such as reading English books, articles and watching English movies. Looking for medicine news in the internet and †¦ Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ yes actually we learn it to make conversation, greeting and understand what people say. Result à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ nowadays we choose language instead of English just because of communicating, making conversation and understanding what other says. But we choose English to learn for several important reasons. As I mentioned before, we use English to being able to surf the internet, read the international book and magazine, being aware of news around the world and †¦ Conclusion We result that it is no surprise that English is becoming the language for international communication. English is the most widely spoken language of the world because of the power the United States in economic and politic. English is the mother tongue of 380 million people, and it is used worldwide by the newspapers, magazines, scientists, businessmen, and politicians. One billion to 1.5 billion people around the world presently speak English. It is the most widely language in 70 countries (J. Draper. 1994).Globalization at the end of the twentieth century is occurring through the media, and technology, thus affecting languages worldwide (Sebesta , 1996). In my idea, languages have fallen and risen with the military and economic growth of a nation. Western culture has a large influence to keep it raise and use these power to impose the word for being as a global language. References STIG HJARVARD (2008). How the Media Contribute to the Spread of English. The Globalization of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. Nguyen Thuy Nga (2008). English A global language. Hanoi University press. Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 24 (2008) 260-266. Woody Allen (1968). Language is acquired, whining is learned. Second language acquisition. Harlow: Pearson. David Crystal (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press Zuliati Rohmah (2000). English as a global language. Tierney, J (2009). Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. The myth of language universals. 32, 429–492 Jean Aitchison (2001).progress or decay? Language change. Bambridge: Cambridge university press (2001).5, 3-20 Danie Spich tinger (2003). The Spread of English and its Appropriation. Wien university press. (2003). Cornelia Hamann (1986). How Language comes universal. Language Acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 33, 19-38. Pinker, S. Bloom, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral  And Brain Sciences 13 (4): 707à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 784.

A College Degree: What’s the Point?

Nowadays there are many millionaires and even billionaires, who don’t have a college degree. Some of them quit collage while others didn’t even step foot into collage. The entertainment industry is filled with high school dropouts and people who never stepped inside college, yet these people are often millionaires, earning millions of dollars. This leaves one wondering whether a college degree is really necessary or can one do without one.In this era that is riddled with economic recession and unemployment, the world is no longer as friendly to college graduates as it used to be in past decades. More and more fresh graduates are finding themselves unemployed or in jobs without security as the world becomes more and more competitive.John Goes argues that modern education has two purposes; to show that one was smart enough to get into college, and to show a prospective employer that one may be smart enough to learn their job-specific skills. He argues that college degrees have become the modern day IQ tests to determine employability following the ban of IQ testing of job-applicants by the governments (Goes, par4).John Goes further argues that nowadays people have been conditioned to think that anybody can get a college degree. A few decades ago it was accepted that half the people were below average. Only half the people got high school diplomas and only 1 in 20 students managed to obtain a Bachelors degree.Today the statistics indicate that there is an 80% to 90% high school diploma attainment rate (Goes, par5). What is worse is that the cost of acquiring a college degree is now very high. So high that, one Trina Thompson filled a law suite against her alma mater Monroe College for the refund of the $70,000 tuition due to the fact that no one wants to employ someone with a worthless degree. She accused the college for false advertising (Goes, par6).But, to say that college degrees are now worthless is to be shortsighted. The benefits of acquiring a college degree may not be evident in the short-term but are always plenty in the long run. The fact that more people are getting degrees nowadays does not mean that college degrees have lost their value rather it shows that college degrees have become more valuable. Acquiring a college degree definitely puts one ahead in the job market.The recession that hit the world last year resulted in the loss of many jobs. What is to note however is that the majority of the jobs lost were jobs in the manufacturing industry. These jobs were mainly blue collar jobs that were mostly taken by high school graduates and dropouts. Once the recession hit, many companies closed shop, others relocated their operations to more labor economic countries.It was reported that the US economy had shed 131,000 jobs by 6th August this year and that unemployment rates remained stuck at 9.5% (Aljazeera, par1). The private sector only managed to create 71, 000 jobs. Experts say that this rate is too slow for the country to recover its pre-recession employment rate.Blue collar jobs are routine jobs which are more manual and do not require a lot of mental output. Being manual, these jobs can be easily done by other people given the right instructions or by machines which have been programmed to do these tasks. Therefore people who work in blue collar jobs are easily dispensable.However, jobs that are more technical and requiring of high skills are often the kinds that require degrees. Even in the recession many college graduates did not lose their jobs. Even when they lost their jobs it was possible for them to search for telecommute jobs which more and more companies began to offer as alternative employment to laid off employees. High skill jobs like financial jobs and medical jobs continue to pay off in spite of the recession.What’s more college degrees attract higher pay. The acquisition of a college degree in a particular field usually makes the person specialized. Specialization l eads to mastering of ones work and creating high skills which make the person a professional in his field of specialization. College graduates earn an average of $20, 000, far much more than non-college graduates (Milliken, par2). Experts argue that college graduates have significantly lower unemployment rates, rely less on public assistance and enjoy better health making them an asset to any employer and country.Because the current world is still as keen on academic certificates as it was three decades ago, perhaps even more so as competition for jobs continues to go up. It is no wonder then that professionals continue to go back to college to acquire higher degrees in order to improve their skills and therefore their chances of promotion and better pay. In fact when an employee seeks to get a promotion the best tactic would be to get a college degree, because coupled with the person’s work experience a college degree is like having gold in ones possession.Another reason for one to get a college degree would be for the purpose of self fulfillment. All of us are born with the need to excel, for some of us this need is so great that it cannot be ignored. This need is ever present within us so that if we settle for anything less that we ha envisioned for ourselves than we end up miserable.The acquisition of a college degree is one a venue of fulfilling our need to excel. Going to college has become second-nature majority of college educated parents and their children. Jay Mathews defines it as instinctual as tacking an August vacation (Mathews, par4). With so many people dropping out of high school or even never proceeding to college getting a college degree remains an achievement worth acknowledging.So many people are stuck in a job that they may not like, or a job that may not pay them nearly enough to survive and meet their basic needs and the basic needs of their families. Often the acquisition of a college degree is usually the means of achieving the ir desire for a better paying job and a more fulfilling one. A college degree is therefore a means of self fulfillment and acquiring the social and financial status that one dreams of.Some millionaire and billionaires may not have a college degree, but college degrees remain important and valuable. Bill Gates had to go to college in order for him to get the inspiration to start Microsoft. Even though he did not graduate he got knowledge that helped him build his dream. College is a mine of ideas and knowledge, and no one should miss out on an opportunity to acquire either or both of these.ReferencesGoes, John. What Is the Point of a College Education. 24 August 2009. 7 August 2010http://media.www.chicagoflame.com/media/storage/paper519/news/2009/08/24/Opinions/Whats.The.Point.Of.A.College.Education-3755931.shtmlAljazeera. US Employers Shed 131,000 Jobs. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/08/20108616525186107.htmlMilliken, James. Growing Imp ortance of a College Education. 6 August 2010. 7 August 2010.http://fremonttribune.com/news/opinion/columnists/article_ab479f02-a161-11df-9183-001cc4c03286.htmlMathews, Jay. Patrick Welsh Is Wrong About Too Many Going to College. 29 July 2010. 7 August 2010. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/patrick_welsh_is_wrong_about_t.html   

Influence of Paparazzi on Society

If a person was to enter into any convenience store, there is almost a sure chance that he or she would encounter a multitude of magazines and newspapers lining the shelves before the checkout counter. Each magazine obnoxiously highlights this week’s big story or scandal. Turn on any television and there are almost as many entertainment news channels as there are world news channel. Is this society becoming obsessed with the lives and mishaps of famous celebrities? Or are the tabloids so inaccurately depicting the lives of people that the average person cannot wait to see what they come up with next?However, the root of the problem does not lay within the tabloids themselves, but the paparazzi, who will stalk, invade and sometimes even chase renowned celebrities just to earn their next paycheck. These undeniable invasions of privacy put many in the face of danger. There are not only recent examples of the danger the paparazzi place on the lives of people, but examples dating b ack to the death of Princess Diana. When does society decide when the paparazzi has gone too far, and what laws should be put into place to ensure the safety of those who are famous?One may question if they even have the right to dive that deep into someone’s life. Due to the evidence that exists, it is necessary that laws are put into place to protect the lives of these esteemed stars. The paparazzi – originating from the Italian word, â€Å"paparazzo,† meaning buzzing insects – are the target of heavy scrutiny from the famous. The obsession with celebrities is not just a recent phenomenon but dates back to as far as recorded history. In ancient Greece and Rome, people created their gods as very human-like beings, complete with character flaws and drama.Through the Middle Ages, the celebrities were royalty and nobility. In The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon came to the conclusion that there were several factors contributing to the fa ll of Rome, including a disregard for civil respect. He states, â€Å"The development of an over-obsessive interest in sport and celebrity was one of the factors in the collapse of the greatest civilization ever known to man† (Mell). Paparazzi have and always will be the cause for our society’s problem of blurring the lines between private citizens and public persona.As a result, societies as far back as the Roman Empire have succumbed to the trivial desire to watch the rise and fall of aspiring public figures (Mell). Nowadays, â€Å"A paparazzo†¦ is defined as a ‘freelance photographer who aggressively pursues celebrities†¦to take candid often compromising photos for publication’† (Hellmueller 9). Most are under the assumption that sacrificing privacy and intimacy of relationships disappears when they are thrust into the spotlight. It is widely understood that without media attention, their existence would be irrelevant to the masses.â₠¬Å"I understand there is a certain amount of my own privacy that I have to give up,† states actress Halle Berry (Lowry 21). Stars have come to terms with the fact that although evasive, if they want their careers to survive they must be in the media spotlight. â€Å"Visibility†¦is vital for a Celebrity. The paparazzo glorifies acts and magnifies sins†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hellmueller 9). Although twisted, stars that receive negative light such as Miley Cyrus, Britney Spears, or Lindsey Lohan, receive more public interest than stars that are not involved in scandals (Hellmueller 9).Therefore, negative attention by photographers is a necessary evil. As much as stars resent the paparazzi and the scandals they expose or even factiously conjure up, they understand that their relevance in the cut-throat world of Hollywood is reliant upon their constant media exposure and public interest (Hellmueller 10). Social media has consistently proven as an outlet for the famous within the past six to seven years. Popular forms of social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Myspace, prove just how powerful scandals exposed by paparazzi can be in boosting your popularity.As of January 15th, 2014, pop singer, teenage heartthrob and common target for paparazzi, was the second most followed account on Twitter, a popular teen social media outlet, with 48,705,084 followers. Even more shocking is that this outrageous number increases by the thousands each day. Surprisingly enough, we do not observe any Twitter profiles that are non-famous pop culture phenomenon’s until we reach number 34 on the list, CNN Breaking News, who only has 15,141,938 followers (Hellmueller 19).Consequently, this proves how important paparazzi targeted celebrities are to the teenage audience in comparison to a news account that provides vital worldly information. The public is intrigued by the downfall and the continuous mishaps of stars they supposedly look up to. Therefore, the most a ccessible and informative way to keep up with celebrities day to day activities is through outlets such as social media (Ward 107). The constant hounding from paparazzi is to be expected when you are in the limelight in Hollywood, or staring in a new movie.But when stars such as Paul Reiser and Michael J. Fox feel as if they are being invaded in intimate and important affairs of their everyday lives, they begin to question if photographers have gone too far. Both share disturbing personal experiences with lack of respect from the paparazzi. Michael J. Fox’s wedding to wife Tracy Pollan was invaded, as well as the birth of his first child, where paparazzi posed as medical personnel to get detailed information about the family. They even went so far to pose as mourners and sneak into a funeral when his father passed away.Paul Reiser, star of TV’s Mad About You, could not attend the birth of his premature baby, because reporters and paparazzi had staked out the lobby and made it impossible to enter the hospital (Moore 2044). Some claim that these innate disregards for privacy in such sensitive and important moments in a person’s life are unnecessary and disrespectful. There is noticeable distinction between being unwillingly photographed while shopping at the grocery store, and being unwillingly photographed while exchanging vows at a wedding.Neglecting the distinction between every day and sensitive moments in one’s life is what leaves stars feeling as if the paparazzi are intrinsically evil (Seiter 14). Possibly more disturbing than invasions of privacy, are the chilling tales told by celebrities when the overwhelming persistency of the paparazzi proves to be unsafe. Some stars, such as pregnant reality TV star, Kim Kardashian, broadcast their stories through social media sources such as Twitter.On June 6th 2013, she tweeted, â€Å"Yesterday 4 cars boxed me in†¦ just to have me drive at their speed so they can snap through the window†¦I wouldn't let the paps [paparazzi] get a pic of me today & they threatened my life†¦ How dare they†¦ † (Kardashian). She continued by adding, â€Å"Let me enjoy this last month of pregnancy please without threats & being scared to leave my home due to what dangerous thing they threatened to do†¦ †(Kardashian). It is impossible to ignore the outcry of celebrities through social media, and as a result, many solicit their negative opinions through this mean.Multiple stars, such as Ireland Baldwin, Daughter of Alec Baldwin, Liam Payne, Miley Cyrus, and Justin Bieber share their disapproval on social media with a variety of obscenity ridden posts, bashing the photographers for the nuisance and safety hazards they thrust upon their lives (Zissou). With any activity that exudes danger, there is a possibility that a tragedy could occur at any moment. With an adrenaline and danger filled career such as being paparazzo, the competition to get the â₠¬Å"next big shot† proves to be too much at times.This career does not only present danger to the celebrity, but the photographer as well. Burke explains how â€Å"Sometimes five cars full of paparazzi will chase after a celebrity. And to make sure they don’t lose their target they will often speed, run stop signs†¦ and even drive on the wrong side of the road† (Burke 22). In 2013, Justin Bieber’s Ferrari was chased by hungry photographers down a California highway. One of the photographers, Chris Guerra, was struck and subsequently killed while trying to cross a Los Angeles street after he was led to believe Bieber’s car was pulled over for speeding (Zissou 14).Blair Berk, an attorney who has represented many stars in court cases believes, â€Å"Paparazzi are increasingly dangerous, the issue here is safety† (Zissou 14). On August 31, 1997, in an even more disturbing, and widely publicized story, Princess Diana, was killed in a car crash in Paris after being chased down by a hound of paparazzi. These two immensely disturbing stories illustrate the actual danger that both parties endure. Both events sparked not only incredible controversy, but led to the call for laws prohibiting the dangerous tactics used by photographers (Moore 2045).One may question why a group of people would be involved in such a risky job that is associated with such negative sentiments. Some assume that the paparazzi are merely fame obsessed civilians without a real job. Others may believe that they receive joy in torturing celebrities. However, the reality is that the payout for the correct single photograph could easily earn you fifty to one-hundred thousand dollars, on the low end. The average photograph at a movie premier runs from $100-$300 dollars depending on the celebrity and the nature of the photograph.Pictures that capture altercations or mishaps are far more lucrative than a common photo (Hoffman). The big money is generated from photos that are in high demand and difficult to obtain, such as wedding photos and scandalous mishaps such as affairs and rehab entrances. According to Scott Cosman, owner of photo agency Fam/Flynet Inc. , magazines would pay a fortune for the first wedding photo of Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie, and their children. â€Å"Worldwide rights for a picture like that, with all the kids, I would say $10 million† (Weisman). This is not the first time a picture has been estimated for a price that outrageously high.The first picture of Jolie-Pitt’s twins was sold to People Magazine for 14 million dollars. Getting the right shot can boost photographers into immediate wealth with the mere snap of the camera. Money is the sole motivation behind the paparazzi’s unsafe habits and it will continue to evolve like this until there is some sort of regulation introduced (Weisman). Stars have recently become aware of the fact that they are in almost sole control of the future and prese nt habits of the paparazzi. If they wish to bring about changes to the maltreatment and invasions of privacy they presently receive, they have to stand up and do something about it.This exact theory is just what stars like Halle Berry, Steven Tyler, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Michael J. Fox realized, just to name a few. Motivated and fed up stars like these, have teamed up with members of the California congressional delegation and introduced the Personal Privacy Protection Act, which â€Å"would make it a federal crime to endanger anyone’s safety to take a photograph†¦ it would expand the definition of trespass to include using a zoom lens or deploying high powered microphones†¦ in their home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Moore 2044). Many are in support of this law, including people that were thrust into the spotlight unwillingly.For example, Ellen Levin, whose daughter was murdered in the Preppie Murder case that once dominated New York tabloids, complains how paparazzi once s warmed and invade her property in order to obtain photographs, making it nearly impossible to be alone with her family’s grief (Moore 2045). Actress Halle Berry supports this law as well, but for the sake of her young child’s safety. She claims that her daughter has a constant â€Å"fear of leaving the house and feeling like she cannot move in the world in a safe way† due to the unrelenting hounding of paparazzi that follow her everywhere she goes, including school (Lowry 21).Stars believe that this legislation will make the paparazzi more accountable for their actions while still being able to make money and do their jobs. Although this legislation is not already intact, states such as Hawaii and California have already taken action and won in the constant fight for privacy. Entering his final year in office, Arnold Schwarzenegger, the California Governor, signed a law into effect in 2010, â€Å"enabling celebrities to sue tabloids, television, and other media outlets who pay for and use material they know was improperly obtained in violation of a person’s right to privacy† (Seiter 14).In Hawaii similar action was taken when Steven Tyler from Aerosmith passed the â€Å"Steven Tyler Act† making it easier for celebrities to sue paparazzi and others they see as invading their privacy. â€Å"When I'm in my own home and I'm taking a shower or changing clothes or eating†¦ and I see paparazzi†¦ and then see that very picture in People magazine, it hurts,† Tyler said (Hellmueller 20). He believes this piece of legislation will make Hawaii a more desirable spot for vacationers and solve the increasingly bothersome privacy problem they have there.Celebrities have become aware that they are in charge of their own destiny and that they actually have the power to make a difference for their own wellbeing. As with any legislation, there are people that are against its approval. Some people believe acts such as the Personal Privacy Protection Act would be devastating for journalism. Not only would it restrict the photography of celebrities, but it would â€Å"infringe on the news-gathering ability of legitimate news organizations† says Barbara S. Cochran, executive director of the Radio-Television News Directors Association (Moore 2044).â€Å"Bills like this one would protect villains, frauds, and scoundrels†¦ whose activities are brought to light,† adds executive editor of the Petersburg Times, Peter C. Nash (Moore 2044). Others argue that all paparazzi are not evasive and dangerous, and the masses should not be punished for acts concerning select groups of people. Magazine, newspaper and online blogs would be heavily affected as well. In 2012, the average magazine would have published 14 stories within its pages, 10 of them addressing scandals and big news regarding a famous celebrity’s life.If all of a sudden there was a lack of story material, sales for popular so urces of this information would decrease heavily (Ward 119). Perhaps the strongest argument against these laws however, dates back to the Constitution and the 1st amendment. Many argue that these laws are restricting the rights that were outlined in freedom of the press. â€Å"Any new law†¦ is going to run smack into the First Amendment. Truth is, most conduct is covered by existing laws† argues L. A attorney, Dmitry Gorin (Zissou). The dispute has turned into a clash of principles: freedom of the press versus the constitutional right to privacy.There is not a doubt that this act would henceforth protect celebrities and their privacy, but in doing so, we may be violating one of the most renowned pieces of legislature. Many argue that the effects of laws such as the Personal Privacy Protection Act would bring about more negative than positive outcomes (Ward 128). The level of influence pop culture and the tabloids have on today’s society is incredible. If magazines , newspapers and social media outlets were removed, the entertainment industry would not flourish as it does today. The influence that a mere picture can have on society is astonishing.For the future, if laws are not created to slow down the growth and intrusive nature of photographers, the esteemed celebrities society recognizes will be constantly put in harm’s way. The establishment of these laws and regulations will not only make it a safer environment for paparazzi, but people in the spotlight as well. When paparazzi and Hollywood learn to coexist in complete harmony and safety, there will no longer be such high price tags on images of such insignificance. Until then, the paparazzi will continue its trek through the entertainment industry as a dangerous but absolutely necessary evil.

Doctrine of Satan Essays

Doctrine of Satan Essays Doctrine of Satan Essay Doctrine of Satan Essay Not necessarily a physical bodies Like us. He has Personal, intellectual, and emotional capacities. Hes Powerful. Satan is not all powerful, hes not all knowing, hes smart and intuitive, but not all knowing, and he cant be everywhere at once Hes Limited In time space and In knowledge. Now let me give you some of his names Hes called The prince of this world, the accuser of Christians, the serpent, a dragon, An angel of light In 2 Corinthians 11, this means he can appear to be a good angel, or something holy, but hes wicked Think of the angel morning who appeared to Joseph Smith, as an angel and deceived him s the destroyer, Hes a murderer from the beginning, hes a liar, there is no truth in him. Hes the tempter. Hes like a lion seeking whom he may devour, he blinds unbelievers, hes a oppressor. And hes deceiver. What does Satan do? He opposes the work of God on earth. Mark 4:15 He blinds people to the gospel. 2 Corinthians He looks for opportunities to take advantage of us. Ep hesians 4:27 He creates hardships for messengers of the gospel. 2 Corinthians 12:7 He seeks to destroy you, 1 OFF Listen Satan wants to destroy your Joy, your family your purity, your happiness, everything! Satan is very real, and ruthless Hes described as a dragon.. Revelation 1-5 ! And there are 2 places in the Bible that talk about Satins beginning, and where he went wrong And I want you to turn with me to those 2 places Isaiah 14, and well look at Ezekiel 28, but first Isaiah 14 This in a lot of ways is the doctrine of Satan (Isaiah 14:12-16) You see Satins original name was Lucifer, or day star, or shining star, or morning star, mega star, or super star, many believe none shone brighter than Satan He was Lucifer, it was a great name to have And Lucifer had an eye problem Theres 5 1 oils, I will ascend, I will be worshiped, I will be like God, the Most High he said You see Satan had an l problem. He wanted it to be about him, and we see that Satins downfall was pride, and thats why Pride can be such a problem Me, l, I want people to praise me, and acknowledge me And it begins with an I problem. We look inward, but we need to look upward. And according to vs 16. Were going to look at him, this is the guy, that did that, that made the world So what happened to Lucifer? How did he fall? Pride filled his heart Ezekiel 28 sheds some more light on it Charles Spurges said These saints used the doctrine of atonement not as a pillow to rest their weariness, but as a weapon to subdue their sin. You see the blood of Jesus should be a weapon we use in our lives to overcome those strongholds, and sin we deal with ] Listen what can wash away my sin Nothing but the blood of Jesus!!! You cant do t, listen going to church, and being in a home group, and serving, and going on mission trips, those things are good, but thats now how you overcome Satan Its the blood of the lamb You see you will fail, and you will mess up, and Satan will make you think youre not worthy, and you shouldnt go to church or pray, and you cant read your bible, and God is mad at you, no not true, there is no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus Listen you defeat sin, and bondage to sin, not by your good works but by the blood of Jesus [Remember in the book of exodus The blood of the lamb ad to be applied to the door [And the more you plead the blood the mor e it makes us want to avoid sin. Satan makes sin seem pleasurable, but the cross reveals its bitterness. If Jesus died because of sin, men begin to see that sin must be a murderous thing. You get it, if you realize Jesus died because of your sin, it makes you want to avoid sin, as much as possible (Spurges)] #2. How did they over #2. The word of their Testimony You know like David, you can say God has lifted me up out of this pit He has given me life You see there is so much power in your testimony, think of all the stoniness Jesus left people, I once was blind but now I see, I once was sick but now Im healed, or for us, I once had no hope, and was on my way to hell, now I have hope, and Im on my way to Heaven You see there is power in a testimony And Vive talked to many of you, and I know many of you are young, and you havent had some crazy wild past, and youve told me, I dont think I have a testimony (sad voice) Are you kidding me What better of a testimony than at a young age I found Jesus or really Jesus found me, and Vive tasted and seen that the Lord is good, and Vive never en anything better out there than Jesus and what He has to offer!!!! Amen You dont have a testimony Cmon Jesus is my testimony, Hes my story, I now have an eternal meaning and purpose You know if you study every cult and every other religion, its about what you do, you need to do something, all other religious systems its man reaching up I can do it, I can reach up, I have the knowledge, but with Christianity, its I once was lost but now Im found, he found me, he did it all, it was by his grace, and its your story, its saying I had no hope, but now Jesus is my hope I was saved by grace, and I will continue in grace Dafter you want Lord, I want your grace, I cant do it without you.. Grace is not Just the beginning point its the only point the gospel is not Just the beginning point, its the only point continue with the gospel There passion in your life for Jesus, and are you telling others about Him.. Testimony is so powerful . You see a [Paul in the book of acts gives his testimony a few times, you know hes before these wise men, and he was one of the wisest men, but he uses his testim ony.. Think of the lame man who walked, and he used his testimony ] And #3 How did they overcome Satan #3. They did not love their lives to the death. You see overcoming the devil means you love the Lord More, and are faithful to Him, even if that means death Literal death You see they werent into themselves, they werent focused on them, they werent living for them, they were living for Him. You know Paul said, I die daily!! You see its not about loving you and living for you, Jesus said if you want to live you must die, and if you die you will live, You see overcoming the enemy means you know your life belongs to God! Listen!!! We dont decide those two dates on the tombstone, but what are we doing with that title dash in the middle Now listen maybe some of you here are here with a heavy heart And you didnt even want to come church makes you feel uncomfortable, you dont fell like youre worthy Listen youre not worthy Lets Just get that out of the way UT lets address the real problem, youre in need your separated from God, and no one should be here but we can be because of what Jesus has done Listen guys, if there is sin, and strongholds in your life, and you feel condemned and like you cant get out Plead the Blood of Jesus Because His blood was shed you can live!

Mass Percentage - Definition and Example

Mass Percentage Mass percentage is one way of representing the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Mass percentage is calculated as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100%. Also Known As: mass percent, (w/w)% Mass Percentage Formula Mass percent is the mass of the element or solute divided by the mass of the compound or solute. The result is multiplied by 100 to give a percent. The formula for the amount of an element in a compound is: mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100 The formula for a solution is: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solute plus solvent) x 100 or mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100 The final answer is given as %. Mass Percentage Examples Example 1: Ordinary bleach is 5.25% NaOCl by mass, which means each 100 g of bleach contains 5.25 g NaOCl. Example 2: Find the mass percentage of 6 g sodium hydroxide dissolved in 50 g of water. (Note: since the density of water is nearly 1, this type of question often gives the volume of water in milliliters.) First find the total mass of the solution: total mass 6 g sodium hydroxide 50 g watertotal mass 56 g Now, you can find the mass percentage of the sodium hydroxide using the formula: mass percent (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 100mass percent (6 g NaOH / 56 g solution) x 100mass percent (0.1074) x 100answer 10.74% NaOH Example 3: Find the masses of sodium chloride and water required to obtain 175 g of a 15% solution. This problem is a bit different because it gives you the mass percentage and asks you to then find how much solute and solvent are needed to yield a total mass of 175 grams. Start with the usual equation and fill in the given information: mass percent (grams solute / grams solution) x 10015% (x grams sodium chloride / 175 g total) x 100 Solving for x will give you the amount of NaCl: x 15 x 175 / 100x 26.25 grams NaCl So, now you know how much salt is needed. The solution consists of the sum of the amount of salt and water. Simply subtract the mass of salt from the solution to obtain the mass of water that is required: mass of water total mass - mass of saltmass of water 175 g - 26.25 gmass of water 147.75 g Example 4: What is the mass percent of hydrogen in water? First, you need the formula for water, which is H2O. Next you look up the mass for 1 mole of hydrogen and oxygen (the atomic masses) using a periodic table. hydrogen mass 1.008 grams per moleoxygen mass 16.00 grams per mole Next, you use the mass percentage formula. The key to performing the calculation correctly is to note there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each water molecule. So, in 1 mole of water there are 2 x 1.008 grams of hydrogen. The total mass of the compound is the sum of the mass of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. mass percent (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / mass of 1 mole of compound) x 100mass percent hydrogen [(2 x 1.008) / (2 x 1.008 16.00)] x 100mass percent hydrogen (2.016 / 18.016) x 100mass percentage hydrogen 11.19%

Three-river-sources ecological environment protection Essay

Three-river-sources ecological environment protection - Essay Example It sought to evaluate the region’s management strategies on how the conflict between protection of the region’s ecological environment and exploitation of the natural resources for commercial purposes can be best resolved. The major findings of the paper showed that the activities of men such as hunting and construction of infrastructure have immensely contributed to the degradation of the ecology. As such, this paper observed that in order to create a long-term plan for management of ecological environment in the Three-River-Source, nationwide and local government will need to be foresighted and consider the specifics of each environmental problem in order to balance the conflict between protection of the region’s ecological environment and the use of natural resources for commercial purposes. Three-River-Source which is also known as Sanjiangyuan is located in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This name refers to the headwater of three rivers in Chinese and these are Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River. These rivers are the major sources of water in the region whereby Yellow River accounts for 42 per cent of the total volume of water supplied while Yangtze River accounts for 25 % and Lancang River accounts for 15% (Wang, 2008). The Three-River-Source region has significant ecological value in the Qinghai Tibet plateau which is regarded as the worlds highest and largest plateau with wetland ecosystem. The region accounts for 2.32% of the total area of national wetlands (Wang, 2008). As such, the region is known as the â€Å"water tower† in China.

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC Assignment

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC. LEVEL - Assignment Example The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. Table of Contents Executive summary 2 This is a report project that involves project selection procedure for M.Sc. course enrolment for more students in London South Bank University, UK. The process entails project management structure analysis, business case analysis project and individual plans analysis and individual reflections. Marketing on different platform influences decision on potential students to consider joining the faculty. The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. ... This is why it is necessary for London South Bank University to use promotional approaches that are innovative to increase the number of students in M.Sc. Level. To undertake the project tasks it is essential to analyze the component of project management. In this section, project management Project Management Structure To manage the resources effectively, it is necessary to devise management structure that would control project process effectively. A project organization is a structure that enables the management and execution of project tasks. Its main purpose is to generate an environment that improves communications among the team members with a smallest level of disruptions, conflict and overlaps (Moore 2007). One of the significant decisions of project organization is the outline of managerial structure that will be applied for the project. This is a project that involves a team of consultants each individually selecting and working on a promotional technique such as Facebook, Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube and others. It is necessary to outline project details so as to assist in management process. Project Name: Project on promotional approaches to increase student number at M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Project Time Frame: 14 days Project Details: Selection of social promotional platform suitable for the college marketing strategy. Project’s purpose: Plan, devise and prepare promotional material for student enrolment in M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Approximated cost ?10,000 (ten thousand) To facilitate the project activities the following management structure is essential. Fig. Example of project management structure (See elaborate one in Appendix A) The project concerns marketing promotion